Recently, China ship design master, China Shipbuilding Group Co., Ltd. under the 708 Research Institute chief expert Wu Gang introduced: China's first heavy icebreaker research and design work is led by the 708 Institute is steadily advancing, once put into use, the ship can carry out long-term missions in the Arctic and Antarctic, can reach previously inaccessible places. China is comprehensively strengthening the capacity building of polar research, shipping, security and management, and will focus on the "light-medium-heavy" systematic development of icebreakers in the future.

    According to reports, compared with the existing model, the heavy icebreaker will have a stronger ability to break ice and resist extreme cold, and it can break ice with a thickness of more than 2 meters; The ship will also be highly intelligent and environmentally friendly, will run on green fuels and leave no pollutants behind during polar operations; The main components of the heavy icebreaker, including the engine, will be manufactured by Chinese companies.

    The International Maritime Organization (imo) divides the icebreaking capacity of icebreakers into seven levels, from pc1 to pc7. Overall: pc1 and pc2 are heavy duty grades, and the thickness of ice breaking is more than 2 meters; pc3, pc4, pc5 are medium grade, the ice breaking thickness is generally 1 ~ 1.5 meters; pc6 and pc7 belong to the light grade, and the ice breaking thickness is less than 1 meter.

    So far, China has three icebreakers with comprehensive polar research capabilities, namely "Snow Dragon", "Snow Dragon 2", the first self-built polar scientific research icebreaker, and "Polar", a new generation of ice-breaking research ship independently developed by China. Among them, "Snow Dragon" and "Polar" belong to the light icebreaker, "Snow Dragon 2" ice breaking capacity is pc3, which is the highest grade in the medium.

    "From 1994 to 2019, it took us 25 years to make the leap from 1 meter to 1.5 meters of ice-breaking capacity." The 0.5 meter gap that Wu Gang said is actually the "power" gap between the "Snow Dragon" (pc6) and the "Snow Dragon 2" (pc3).

    "Can not underestimate this 0.5 meters, to a certain amount, the requirement for ice-breaking ability is a 'quality' leap." "The strong power and rigid hull of the icebreaker ship are the only way to carry the personnel and equipment to the designated position, facing the frozen polar sea in the ice and snow south of 75 degrees south latitude and minus 20 degrees Celsius."

    How long will it take to "take down" the top of the pyramid?

    Wu Gang responded that it took 25 years to develop from pc6 to pc3. From pc3 to pc2 and pc1, it is believed that this time will be shortened, but it is still a long-lasting project.

    It is reported that the strong ice-breaking ability requires that the ship's shell can continue to crush the hard ice, which requires a strong structure, a high-strength corrosion-resistant shell, and a strong power and reliable thrusters. "We need to solve many technical problems, including power, thrusters, cold protection, high-strength steel, outer coating, green environmental protection, intelligent navigation, but also need to equip high-precision navigation systems, enhance the effectiveness of equipment, and carry out the integration of polar situation awareness and observation network construction." Wu Gang said.

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